Responses of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms to Intercropping Systems in Different Seasons

Intercropping plays an essential role in agricultural production, impacting the soil’s physical and chemical properties microbial communities. However, responses of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms continuous-cropping soil to different intercropping systems growing seasons are still insufficiently studied. Here, we investigated effects seven (alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)/cucumber, trifolium (Trifolium repens wheat (Triticum aestivum rye (Secale cereale chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronrium rape (Brassica campestris mustard juncea L.)/cucumber) on properties, potential nitrification rate (PNR), archaea (AOA), bacteria (AOB) communities greenhouse spring autumn. The results showed that, compared with cucumber monoculture, increased NH4+-N NO3?-N. chrysanthemum–cucumber, rape–cucumber, mustard–cucumber treatments PNR. AOA AOB abundances two seasons, especially wheat–cucumber, trifolium–cucumber treatments. ratio decreased seasonal variation. wheat–cucumber rape–cucumber community diversity. Seasonal variation had a significant effect relative abundance community. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis that structures were obviously from Redundancy was significantly regulated by moisture, NO3?–N, available potassium (AK), while phosphorus (AP), AK, NO3?-N, pH. Network co-occurrence relationship complexity seasons. may play critical ammonia oxidation Taken together, improved physicochemical state, PNR altered communities’ structure interaction between them. greater than intercropping.